You can change the DPI to any number you like, but the available amount of pixels will remain the same – so there won't be any extra details...
The DPI is just a setting, which indicates the ratio between the number of pixels and the size of the of surface they might be printed onto.
As a matter of fact, there's no need to increase the DPI. If the size of the image (at that setting) is just right, then just leave it. Since fabrics like cloth don't require much more than that. The coarseness of the fabric simply won't allow much more detail...
Oorspronkelijk geplaatst op Quora: Can I change the dpi from 72 on a picture in Photoshop and then make it 300 and it will print well on a shirt?"